Network hashrate is estimated from block discovery rates and difficulty — it cannot be measured directly. It represents both competition (your earnings = your hashrate ÷ network hashrate × total rewards) and security (the cost an attacker must match to threaten the chain).
Hashrate follows price with a lag: bull markets attract deployment, bear markets force capitulation of inefficient miners. The 2026 phenomenon of miners diverting megawatts to AI workloads introduced a new, non-price driver of hashrate movements on Bitcoin.
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